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TIME: Almanac 1993
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1992-08-28
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WORLD, Page 38CANADALiberty with a Difference
Separatist leader JACQUES PARIZEAU says Quebec is finally
prepared to go its own way
By MICHAEL S. SERRILL and Jacques Parizeau
Q. The people of Quebec are scheduled to vote next Oct. 26
on whether to declare independence from English-speaking
Canada. What is the level of support for sovereignty in the
province now?
A. Depending on how you put the question, you'll get
anything from 52% to 62%. Considering that about 80% to 85% of
English-speaking Quebecois [about 15% of the population]
always say no to anything, you see 60% to 70% support among
French-speaking people.
Q. Twelve years ago, 60% rejected a similar proposition.
Then came the Meech Lake Accord, which would have given Quebec
a measure of autonomy. But that was rejected by
English-speaking Canada. What has gone on emotionally within the
minds of Quebecois to make a majority say yes today when they
said no a decade ago?
A. Anger at being despised during the Meech episode. A
little shame at being frightened in the past by simpleminded
arguments -- old age pensions won't be paid and that sort of
thing. Anger at seeing Ontarians wiping their feet on the Quebec
flag.
Q. Federal officials are meeting in Ottawa to try to patch
together a new agreement on Quebec's status. Could they
conceivably come up with something you could buy?
A. I can't see it. After so many efforts, including Meech
Lake, all they're doing is tinkering with more of this, more of
that. It's byzantine, absolutely byzantine.
Q. But you do carefully use the word sovereignty, rather
than independence, so there must be some middle ground.
A. You see, sovereignty as a word has been a marketing
trademark of the Parti Quebecois for 20 years because the word
independence used to be somewhat frightening. I'm not going to
change the logo. Does sovereignty have the same meaning
[today] as independence? Of course it does.
Q. Sovereignty normally means an independent monetary
system, separate armed forces and an independent diplomatic
service. Would that be true of the proposed sovereign Quebec?
A. After a lot of discussion, everyone in Quebec defines
sovereignty the same way. It means all our taxes, all our laws,
all our treaties. Does it mean a Quebec army? Indeed it does.
A diplomatic service? Of course. Concerning the currency, I have
never opposed a Quebec currency. But I seem to be one of the few
who don't. People say it will collapse in three weeks. So this
time I say we keep the Canadian currency.
Politicians [in English-speaking Canada] get red in the
face and say Parizeau can't do this. But Quebecois own about a
quarter of the money supply. If they want to keep the Canadian
dollar as legal currency, nothing can prevent them.
Q. But if you can't control the currency, you can't
control monetary policy and you lose control of your economy.
A. Oh yes, you do control quite a bit of your economy. But
not monetary policy. And what exactly is the project in Western
Europe at the present time? A central bank that is quite free of
any government intervention. We're probably going to see
something in the Pacific on the same order. As for North
America, I'm sure down the road there is going to be one central
bank.
Q. What do you perceive Washington's attitude toward
sovereignty to be?
A. I think Washington doesn't like the idea very much. But
Washington realizes it has to be very, very careful on this
continent. If there is one place where democracy must run fully,
it is here. Therefore, if Quebecois want to become a sovereign
nation, they will. It is a matter for the Canadians and
Quebecois to settle among themselves.
Q. You say that the citizens of Quebec are one people. But
the Cree and other native peoples in the north of Quebec say
they too are separate societies deserving of their own nation.
A. In 1985 the Quebec government declared these people --
the Cree, the Mohawk, the Huron, the Algonquin and others --
distinct nations, and offered them a path to self-government
within Quebec's boundaries. But if you think that 20,000 Cree
and Inuit are going to leave Quebec and take two-thirds of its
territory, no way.
Q. How would a free Quebec deal with the mix of English
and French?
A. Well, we have been committed since the notorious --
some would say -- bill of 1977 [declaring French to be
Quebec's official language] to set up a society that functions
in French. Does that mean Quebecois should not learn English?
By God, I'll boot the rear end of anyone who can't speak
English. In our day and times, a small people like us must speak
English.
Q. What happens if you get another reversal and the answer
to sovereignty in October is no?
A. Then obviously I failed. I will retire; somebody else
takes it up.
Q. Would the issue be dead?
A. No. When something as intoxicating as independence is
in the minds of people to the extent of 40%, 50%, 60%, it never
dies. All [a defeat] implies is that the leaders were no
good, that they goofed somewhere, that they have to be replaced.
But at that level of support, nothing vanishes.